Materials and technologies

Hydrotherapy (Water Therapy)

Stainless steel hydrotherapy massage jets in an acrylic hot tub shell

Hydrotherapy is a therapeutic method that uses water, its temperature, pressure, and movement to support the body’s recovery and release muscle tension. In hot tubs and wellness systems, it is delivered through a combination of heated water and massage jets that create targeted streams of water and air. These streams stimulate the muscles, improve blood circulation, and help release stiff tissue. The effect combines thermal therapy (heat dilates the blood vessels) with mechanical stimulation (water pressure massages the muscles). Modern hot tubs allow the intensity, direction, and type of massage to be adjusted to the user’s needs. Hydrotherapy is a core functional technology of hot tubs, not merely a comfort feature.


Advantages of hydrotherapy

  • Release of muscle tension and recovery: Warm water and jet pressure help reduce muscle stiffness after physical exertion or prolonged sitting.
  • Improved blood circulation: Heat and massage support the dilation of blood vessels, improving blood flow and tissue oxygenation.
  • Reduced stress and mental tension: The combination of heat, buoyancy, and massage has a relaxing effect on the nervous system.
  • Reduced load on the joints: Water buoys the body, reducing pressure on the joints and spine during relaxation.

Types of jet and what each one does

The effect of hydrotherapy is set not by the number of jets but by their type and their placement. A hot tub normally combines several kinds, each with a different flow character.

Jet typeFlow characterWhere it is usually placed
RotaryCircling flow, moves the point of actionBack and shoulders
DirectionalConcentrated point flowLower back, calves
FanWide, spread-out flowSpine and larger muscle groups
AirFine bubbles across the whole surfaceBase and seats
FootWeaker flow over a small areaThe footwell

What affects the intensity of the massage

  • Output and number of pumps: more jets on one pump means lower pressure at each of them.
  • The option to shut off groups of jets: redirecting the flow into a smaller group raises the pressure where you want it at that moment.
  • Air induction: air added to the flow raises the perceived intensity, but it also cools the water.
  • Body position: the shaping of the seat decides whether the flow reaches the target area.

Related terms: Balboa Water Group®, AISI 316, Chromotherapy, Acrylic (PMMA).

Frequently Asked Questions

No. It refers to a specific physical effect of the combination of heat, pressure, and buoyancy of water on the body.

An ordinary bath uses only water temperature. Hydrotherapy adds active massage through jets.

Most commonly 36–39 °C, a range that supports relaxation without placing excessive strain on the body.

Typically 15–30 minutes, depending on individual tolerance and health condition.

In most cases, yes, but people with cardiovascular conditions should consult a doctor before use.

Not directly. Their ergonomics, placement, and output matter more than the number alone.

Yes. The main effect comes from water pressure, not from air bubbles.
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